Interpretation of Poetic Sound :: essays research papers fc

Understanding the Speakers VoiceThrough Interpretation of Poetic SoundClassical, Early European, Eastern and Modern poetry contribution structural similarities in their habituate of rhythm, meter and rhyme however, sound plays a more subtle role for purposes of interpretation. Poets combine structured rhythmic patterns and the formal formation of linguistic process with devices such as alliteration to create images in the readers mind. Two contrasting poems written by William Blake titled The Lamb from Songs of honour (1789) and The Tyger from Songs of Experience (1794), efficaciously illustrate how the fundamental use of poetic structure, selective alliteration and imagery, accentuates the underlying sounds of a poem thereby, enabling the reader to better discover the voice or tone being portrayed by the speaker.In Blakes opening lines of The Lamb, the speaker sets the initial tone for the conversation that takes place amid the fry and the gentle creature Little Lamb, who made thee/Dost thou know who made thee (Blake 1-2). As evidenced by the speakers selective use of diction, the soft and non-threatening nature of the actors line establishes an atmosphere of child-like innocence and wonder that echoes throughout the remainder of the work. As the conversation progresses, the setting is established through the use of the words stream and mead (Blake 4), which is intended to suggest that the conversation is taking place outside, in a peaceful meadow. In subsequent lines of the poem, the child poses a series of thinly worded phrases such as Gave thee clothing of delight/Softest clothing wooly bright (Blake 5-6). Although not initially obvious to the reader, through the selective use of alliteration, the speaker has effectively introduced the characteristics and subtle rhythmic sound that is consistent with that of a childhood nursery rhyme. The speakers melodious combination of repetition, diction and rhyme is further reinforce in the final two lines of the last stanza, Little Lamb God bless thee/Little Lamb God bless thee (Blake 19-20), which symbolically culminates in the childs belief that the miracle of creation resides in God himself.There is a stark contrast between the opening lines of The Lamb and the opening lines of Blakes gent poem The Tyger. In The Tyger, the speaker immediately establishes a very different setting for the conversation that takes place between the child and the fearsome beast Tyger Tyger eager bright/In the forests of the night (Blake 1-2). Unlike the peaceful setting of The Lamb, the image created in the readers mind through the selective use of words like burning, forests, and night, suggests that the conversation is taking place in an environment of uncertainty and darkness.

Tim berners lee :: essays research papers

Tim Berners-Lee graduated from the Queens College at Oxford University, England, 1976. Whilst there he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.He spent two years with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd (Poole, Dorset, UK) a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer, practiceing on distributed transaction systems, message relays, and bar code technology.In 1978 Tim left Plessey to kernel D.G Nash Ltd (Fernd knowledge, Dorset, UK), where he wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system.A year and a half spent as an independent consultant include a six month stint (Jun-Dec 1980)as consultant software engineer at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Whilst there, he wrote for his own private use his first program for storing information including using random associations. Named "Enquire", and never published, this program formed the conceptual basis for the future increment of the World Wide sack up.From 1981 until 1984, Tim worked at John Pooles Image Computer Systems Ltd, with technical design responsibility. Work here included real cartridge holder control firmware, fine art and communications software, and a generic macro language. In 1984, he took up a fellowship at CERN, to work on distributed real-time systems for scientific info acquisition and system control. Among other things, he worked on FASTBUS system software and designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd", and the first client, "WorldWideWeb" a what-you-see-is-what-you-get hypertext web browser/editor which ran in the NeXTSte p environment. This work was started in October 1990, and the program "WorldWideWeb" first made available within CERN in December, and on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.Through 1991 and 1993, Tim continued working on the design of the Web, coordinating feedback from users across the Internet. His initial specifications of URIs, HTTP and HTML were refined and discussed in larger circles as the Web technology spread.In 1994, Tim founded the World Wide Web Consortium at the Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Since that time he has served as the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium which coordinates Web development worldwide, with teams at MIT, at INRIA in France, and at Keio University in Japan.

A grace became a curse Essay --

For the past three years, the global economy has known a severe recession triggered by the financial meltdown and the collapse of the commercial and industrial activity in the world. This slowdown weighed its personal effects on the growth of economies worldwide. Algeria, which is not fully integrated into the international economy, is liner or will probably face some indirect effects of this crisis, but in a way less severe than in atomic number 63 The payment of the debt by anticipation, the constitution of a reserve fund and, above all, the high volatility of oils prices have allowed Algeria, in the short term, to distract a catastrophic scenario which could destroy the expanse. Algeria has all the material and human potential to be a pivotal country for development in the Euro-Mediterranean and the Arab-African areas. Unfortunately, Algeria is a country that depends on 96% of oil revenues. This uncertain business which is hostage of many externalities, can collapse at any time and drive the whole county into a total chaos. The lack of diversification in the Algerians economy is making its future uncertain and its standard of living receding. Despite the severity of its effects and the extent of its damages, this crisis can be an opportunity for Algeria to question the supremacy of its economy. It presents the opportunity to straighten out the economy by the execution of profound structural changes which would fork up echt effects on the economy and on the employment in the long term, and to rethink a model of development for a successful and real transition to the market economy build a growth which is released from the dependency to hydrocarbons and from the volatility of their prices to finally erase political system based hitherto e... ...ple where a young man never studied, doesnt have any skills and depends on his parents, when he loses them he ends up with no possibilities to make a living and realizes that he did invest his youth for his future. The Algerians economy is extremely weakened by the annuitant status. This vulnerability is the concatenation of the low diversification of the economy, but also doldrums and decline. Revenues from oil revenues are sufficient to keep it in a static state. Stagnation triumph without sharing. Other economic sectors without clear policies and strategies without defined. Economic actors are paralyse by invisibility or absence of long-term programs, their inconsistency and lack of planning and vision for the future. The State seems more than ever a follower of the annuity, however, inverse to productive investment and any economic viability

Computers: Productive Tools In Our Lives :: essays research papers

Computers Productive Tools In Our LivesHave you ever seen a computer in a store and said, "Whoa What a chick"? Iam sure you would dedicate, if you were familiar with the new 16xCD-ROM and extrawide SCSI-2 9.0 GB hard drive it features, or if you knew nearly the dual 225 MHzPentium pro MMX chips blazing up its performance. To tell you all aboutcomputers, it takes a total computer nut the like me. After working(a) with computersalmost all my life, I can tell you that a computer is an electrical device,without which a guy like me probably cannot survive. If you have no liking of whatI am beeping about, read on. Experts, I report no error in reading further.     Computers are very productive tools in our everyday lives. To increasethe utility of a computer, what you need to do is get going with the program. Todo that, the minimum system requirements are a C.P.U. or the central processingunit, a keyboard, a monitor, a mouse, and if you want, a printer an d a CD - ROMdrive. The C.P.U. is that part of a computer that faithfully does what hismaster tells him to do, with the help of input devices like a keyboard or amouse. After all this so called sophisticated, next generation equipment, youneed some sort of software. Software is a set of book of instructions to the C.P.U. froma source such as a floppy disk, a hard drive or a CD - ROM drive, in zillions of1s and 0s. apiece of these tiny little instructions makes up a bit. Then theyassemble to form a byte. Bytes make up a program, which you run to use thecomputers discordant applications.     Now that you know more about computers than Einstein did, let me tellyou something more about them, so that you will beat the President in the landof computing. In your computer, you require a good amount of RAM, which is thereto randomly accesses memory. That is required to speed up your computer, so thatit gives you more error messages in less(prenominal) time. The faster the error messages itgives, the faster you call technical help at 1-800-NeedHelp. The service is open24 hours a day, but to get through, you will have to wait, at least, until thenext Halleys comet passes by. The only thing now required, for you to becomethe master of this part of the world, is to have a very BOLD determination tobecome a computer geek.

The Charity Organization Society Essay -- Sociology, Social Control

1.The Charity Organization Society was based in the scientific movement of organizations. Workers believed that brotherly love work needed more definition and organization and that charity should be focused more on individual need sooner than as a whole population. Focusing on individual need was intended to improve relief operations while making resources more efficient. They overly intended to eliminate public outdoor relief. With the promotion of more organization and efficiency the new Charity Organization Societies were born. Trattner states that these new requirements for organization and efficiency feast so rapidly that within 6 years 25 cities had such organizations and by the turn of the century there were some 138 of them in existence (Trattner, 1999). The renewal of the Charity Organizations didnt grant relief themselves however they served as a resource to simplify the transaction of relief to relief applicants by maintaining relief applicant requests, records of the aid given to them, and referring those worthy or unworthy to the proper agencies (Trattner, 1999). Their goal was to eradicate fraud and duplicity of services while besides maintaining efficiency and treating poverty. The charity organization movement intended to treat poverty by enacting friendly visitors to look into each case and define the cause of destitution while too watching for overlapping relief. These friendly visitors and their investigations were the cornerstone of the Charity Organization Societys (C.O.S) treatment granting aid without investigation was like giving medicine without diagnosis (Trattner, 1999). Friendly visitors were relied on heavily within the C.O.S in order to effectively assign services and determine which serv... ...mp in California a crowd of children move around Tommys mother while she was making soup and told all of them they could have some and to go bump dishes. This was something that no one had really make for the Joads but it seemed they felt it was important to help those like themselves. Another scene that depicted cultural awareness was when they met the police officer at the gas order who explained to them he was from Indiana, where they had come from, and informed them to leave that town and go to the transient camp a few miles away so as they didnt get a ticket. This was something that the officer may not have shared if they werent from the same region.After being dislocated from their home the Joads lost their home, their grandfather, their grandmother, and their son. Besides these things they also lost a part of their dignity but never their spirit.

The Charity Organization Society Essay -- Sociology, Social Control

1.The Charity Organization smart set was based in the scientific movement of system of ruless. Workers believed that charity work exacted more definition and organic law and that charity should be focused more on individual need rather than as a whole population. Focusing on individual need was intended to improve relief operations while making resources more efficient. They also intended to eliminate public outdoor relief. With the promotion of more organization and efficiency the new Charity Organization Societies were born. Trattner states that these new requirements for organization and efficiency spread so rapidly that within 6 years 25 cities had much(prenominal) organizations and by the turn of the century there were some 138 of them in existence (Trattner, 1999). The reformation of the Charity Organizations didnt grant relief themselves however they served as a resource to simplify the transaction of relief to relief applicants by maintaining relief applicant requests, records of the aid given to them, and referring those worthy or unworthy to the proper agencies (Trattner, 1999). Their aspiration was to eradicate fraud and duplicity of services while also maintaining efficiency and treating poverty. The charity organization movement intended to treat poverty by enacting prosperous visitors to look into each case and define the cause of destitution while also watching for overlapping relief. These friendly visitors and their investigations were the cornerstone of the Charity Organization Societys (C.O.S) treatment granting aid without investigation was like giving medicine without diagnosis (Trattner, 1999). Friendly visitors were relied on heavily within the C.O.S in order to efficaciously assign services and determine which serv... ...mp in California a crowd of children crowded around Tommys mother while she was making soup and told every last(predicate) of them they could have some and to go get dishes. This was something that no one had really done for the Joads but it seemed they felt it was important to help those like themselves. Another exposure that depicted cultural awareness was when they met the police officer at the gas station who explained to them he was from Indiana, where they had come from, and informed them to leave that town and go to the passing camp a few miles away so as they didnt get a ticket. This was something that the officer may not have shared if they werent from the same region.After being dislocated from their home the Joads lost their home, their grandfather, their grandmother, and their son. Besides these things they also lost a part of their dignity but never their spirit.

Women and Depression: Understanding the Gender Gap

Depression, if gets too severe becomes bad for a person. It not only affects the person himself but it also affects that persons family also affecting his start or school as well as personal life and his sleeping and eating habits as well. Depression also affects the well being of a person in a way that it leads to chronic medical conditions like diabetics. Wo men usually think that they can work through a picture on their own, knowing this fact that they suffer from depression more than frequently than men do.They may get the wrong(p) idea that the low insecurity related with medical specialty management of depression, they may also believe that since they be smart diligent people an analyst or psychologist exit be of no aid these wrong beliefs are, regrettably very common. Sometimes medications for depression may have irritating side effects, such as insomnia, agitation, or sleepiness, but grave effects are very odd. Women with a true depression are suffering, such inconv enient, non-life intimidating side effects, which may diminish soon, nevertheless, are likely to be much more bearable than untreated depression for a helping of women.Repeatedly studies have revealed that either counseling or medication therapy, or both mutually, are very useful in securely relieving depression in both men and women. Biological factors behind depression for women There come into count to be world-shattering links between mood changes and reproductive health events, sexual practice differences in toll of depression emerge when egg-producing(prenominal)s go through puberty and stay senior high school throughout the childbearing years and into late middle period.Hormonal factors appear to play a function in some of the mood disturbance full by women, twenty to forty percent of menstruating women practice premenstrual temper and behavioral changes. Approximately two to ten percent of women experience Premenstrual hard-pressed Disorder, as several as ten to fift een percent of women experience a clinical depression throughout pregnancy or subsequent to the turn in of a baby. There also come into view to be an increase in depression during the perimenopausal period.An additional biological issue that may add to gender differences in depression can be connected to circadian rhythm patterns, the complex structure that regulates sleep and action oer each 24-hour period. Depressed women make known more hypersomnia (too much sleeping) than do men. The social function of premenstrual factors in depression Hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle can cause the common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), for instance irritability, fatigue, bloating and emotional reactivity.For most of the women, PMS is easygoing, but for a number of women, symptoms are harsh enough to sick their make ups and a diagnosis of premenstrual di sifted chaos (PMDD) is made. Though the precise relation among depression and premenstrual syndrome remains vague, some examines say that cyclical modifications in progesterone, estrogen and additional hormones can upset the role of brain chemicals for instance serotonin that manage mood. Still, since such hormonal changes take place in the majority of women, but not all women develop up depression, hormonal changes cant be the merely reason of depression in women.Genetic predisposition or other issues also can manipulate the using of depression. Postpartum depression Depression subsequent to childbirth is known as postpartum depression, hormonal changes may activate symptoms of postpartum depression, while a charr is pregnant, stages of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone boosts greatly. In the initial 24 hours following childbirth, hormone levels rapidly return to standard. Researchers believe the huge change in hormone levels may direct to depression. Levels of thyroid hormones can also fall after giving birth, which causes symptoms of depression.Role of perimenopause an d menopause in a womans depression Perimenopause is the middle period earlier than menopause, which is marked by a twelve months termination of a womans menstrual cycle, throughout perimenopause, hormones change radically and few women feel an alteration in mood, anxiety and depression. Throughout this phase of transition, women start thinking about their achievements up to this point, women frequently view this time as a turning end, not only are perimenopausa l women examining their life thus far, they are practicing hormonal changes that are influencing them physically.Negative and lordly role of social and cultural factors in a womans depression Role strain Women frequently undergo role strain over contradictory and irresistible responsibilities in their life, the additional roles a woman is expected to play (mother, wife, working woman), the extra vulnerable she is to role strain and following stress and depression. Research specifies that single mothers are three times more probable than married mothers to practice an episode of main depression. Costello, 1993). Unequal power and status Womens comparative lack of power and position in society may direct to feelings of helplessness, this sense of helplessness puts women at larger risk for depression, and these feelings may be aggravated by discrimination in the place of work leading to underemployment or being without a job. An additional causal factor is societys importance on youth, beauty, and thinness in women, traits which to a great level are out of their control.Sexual and physical abuse Women are a lot more likely to be sexually abused than men, and researchers have put that sexual abuse in childhood puts one at enlarged risk for depression in maturity. Higher rates of depression are also found among sufferers of rape. Poverty Poverty is more general among women than men, single mothers have the upmost rates of poverty transversely all demographic groups. Poverty is a harsh, chronic stresso r than can direct to depression.The positive affects of depression are that when the women have to live with less, they eventually learn to live with it and when they do not have a job, they will have more free time to spend with the family and friends. Moreover, it is good as it always gives way to struggle and makes art and music better. How does one go about getting treatment? Make healthy lifestyle changes Lifestyle alterations are never easy to make, but if altered can have a big impact on depression, self-help strategies that can be very effectual present ? develop helpful relationships ? regular exercise and sufficient sleep Healthy, mood-boosting diet ? Stress management and practice relaxation methods ? confront negative thought patterns seek professional help Professional help contains some form of therapy that gives tools to handle depression from a diversity of angles, a number of therapies teach practical techniques on how to reframe negative thoughts and employ behav ioral abilities in fighting depression can also assist working out through the origin of depression, helping picture why he or she feels a certain way, what triggers are for depression, and what he or she can do to stay healthy.Do you think women are more likely to seek out treatment? Why or why not? Women, first and foremost wives and daughters, provide the bulk of care giving, specifically in the United States, about 12 million women practice depression each year, at about twice the pace of men. A recent study found that many women do not look for treatment for depression since they are embarrassed or in refutation about being depressed, in fact, forty one percent of women reviewed cited embarrassment or disgrace as obstruction to treatment.What do you think it means to be a woman? Being female has nothing to act with being lesser or second class it has to do with execution in a God-ordained role, from the commencement, God tells us that women, like men, were organize in His ima ge and likeness, but as both sexes are equivalent in significance and potential, their roles are very diverse.Thats the reason why men and women think and act in a different way and that is why they look unlike. It is not fine that the man should be unaccompanied I will make him a help meet for him. Manonly was not an entire creation, he needed aid, so God gave him a helpmeet, one who would execute the contrary role so that united together the two might turn into one complete flesh.

A Comparative View of Education System of USA, China, and India

According to William Shakespe atomic number 18, The world is stage and we argon actors in it. The out go far determines our performance and by those who direct us. Similarly, the reproduction of our children depends on the directive of parent, disciplineers, and the government. The common control taken by most scholars in America considers America the most powerful country in the world and has the most practiced free effort agreement. The is of the assumption of many that the education of their children is challenging because of the imbalances with t from each oneers not possessing full qualification of the subject matter as expressed by James Compton (2M Minutes Video).Teachers in India and China middle and high schools must have at least a Bachelors Degree and attend teachers training if they are to teach in schools (Ibid). Consequently, these students could not assimilate sequentially the teachings by those teachers who somemagazines leave the students fending for themselves . In order to reach educational goals teachers must leave behinding to teach and students the testamentingness to learn. This proves the insufficiency of proficient and effective teaching mechanisms when compared with other industrialized nations.The children of India and China when compared with the Ameri usher out children have a rigorous curriculum that maintains a higher standard of acquisition at an earlier age. The stringent notices by India and China are to lifting their country out of the stinting crisis whereby the country lot become economically viable and technologically competitive in contrast with their American counterparts. China Chinas Compulsory pedagogy Law, of 1986 stipulates each child has nine years of formal education.Their educational system is to be of three categories, which are basic education, higher education, and adult education. The academic year is of two semesters. With the emerging of a new era toward economic instruction to compete globally the Chinese government has implemented a policy of invigorating the educational system through science, technology, and education since 1949 (Education in China). www. travelchinaguide. com/intr/education. The educational reform emphasizes the need of modernization.Through uninterrupted efforts for the pass fivedecades the Chinese nation has made favorable inroads into the education system. India In 1854 the British implemented the current system of education in India that still in existence today. The current education system divides into preprimary, primary, middle, secondary, and higher aims. Article 42 of the Indian Constitution, an amendment added in 1976, transferred responsibility from narrate to central government. Article 43 set the goal for free and compulsory education of all children to the age 14.In 1986 the implementation of National Policy on Education initiated a series of programs for improving the education system ensuring its children have a comparable education irrespective of caste, creed, location, or sex. http//countrystudies. us/india/37. htm. America The American education system started in 1840 by education reformers Horace Mann and Henry Barnard and was known as the Common School Period. To date this system divides into 4 categories, which are elementary, middle, high, and post-secondary that encompasses college or university, vocational education, graduate education, and adult education.Traditionally the American school year begins at the end of August in some states or the day after Labor sidereal day in September. Schools in America, China, and India follow a similar criterion of each other with one difference is that in America and India there are insular schools that operate for profit. In India one- third of the schools population attend hush-hush schools for profit. The realization is that the parents of these children are looking at these private institutions to provide a higher level of teaching than that of public sc hools.Added to the expectation of the parents of the Indian children who place their children within these institutions, they are working toward their career goals of becoming ranking professionals of society. China did not allow private schools until the late 1980s. Kathy Chu, USA Today, February 1, 2011, unlike China and India, the public schools of America have an abundance of facilities in their schools for example, libraries, swimming pools, gymnasiums, and football fields.Despite possessing all these facilities available, students have yet to take root on their own what their ultimate goal will be on leaving high school. Students of China and India are attuned from kindergarten to middle school in having a view of their career goals when they for leave high school. Once they enter high school there are no options for the children of India and China because of the discipline and parents expectation of what they should be. In China the government finances the education system. The concept of teaching in China is to focus on group rather than individuals.Weaker students are ably assisted and the opportunity of catching up with the proficient students rather than lagging behind the entire class. Acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the subject the class can then continues forward in unison. It is of the opinion of educators that every student can fulfill in every subject, although some students will need to work harder than others to achieve the same results. Chinese schools do not segregate high achieving students from lower achieving students through tracking levels, like in the United States.This is of the belief that all students can succeed if they put in the effort. Teachers and parents are willing to help by volunteering extra time to assist students overcome weaknesses in certain subject areas, tied(p) if it means working outside of school and on the weekends. However, in America, education focuses on the individual, and maintaining studen ts self-esteem is critical. If a student in America is lagging in math class, the tendency is to attribute the students failure to him or her simply not good at mathematics.Students in these situations will often move into a lower- level mathematics class where they can practice more mathematics in becoming proficient. Within China and India mathematics, science, and other general studies are compulsory from preliminary to high school where electives becomes for each student. In America 40% of the students do not take science subjects beyond general biota in high schools. Fifty-five percent of students have done two years of algebra and one year of geometry only.Seventypercent of parents are of the opinion that their children are on the right course concerning their academic development. Apart from these developments the American students score higher in self-confidence than their international counterparts. Whereas American students have the same amount of allocated time as Chinese students, the amount of engaged time spent in school is dramatically less than their Chinese counterparts. In India, students spend one and a half more time in class rooms than American children.The American education system has gone through changes in the last four decades says Robert Reich, former US Secretary of Labor, Though the parent has an education it is not what it used to be, it places much more emphasis on entering the job market. Because Chinese teachers and parents expect that all students be able to succeed in all subjects, students themselves tend to believe that they can succeed as well. This is a sort of self-fulfilling prophecy, as when adults believe in a childs ability to do well, the child in turn is likely to believe in himself as well, and thusly work to succeed.Because Indian and Chinese teachers and parents expect more from their students, students succeed more. The United States education system is phenomenal when compared to the Indian and Chinese educat ion, including the United States Institutions of higher learning. testing done in India and China is notoriously focused on standardized testing, in American it is quite the opposite. The Indian and Chinese must pass these tests that will determine which college they may go to. Unlike the American college application, the student applies to enter, Scholastic Aptitude Test score is the only requirement.Students from all over the world come to receive a high quality education in American universities. Thomas L. Friedman in book, The World is Flat, emphasizes a complete and collaborative work what is natural event in the world today and the impact of technological changes. Indian and Chinese educators have taken notice of the lack of innovation even though their children are highly proficient in mathematics and science than American students they lack innovation, and ingenuity. There need to be a balance between these constrains and allowing free will by implementing new thinking.Ame ricans must be outstanding in their performances if they are to compete with their counterparts in a global economy. Americans losing touch to perform on the level of the Indian and Chinese students in mathematics and science with invariable take twice the amount of time if Americans are to catch up. Nelson Mandela in conversation with his autobiographer Richard Stengel explaining the African concept of Ubuntu said, The profound sense that we are humans only through the humanity of others and if we are to accomplish anything in this world it is in equal measure due to the works and accomplishment of others.Looking at education system of America, India, and China the lessons learned from each others experiences with the pooling of ideas can increase each understanding of the effects on economics, politics, environment, and culture. It is not of superiority but the exchanging of ideas that each will benefit the other in creating homogeneous institutions of learning towards global deve lopment. The development of education system in each country can be uplifting with the technological development that goes hand- in- hand with capital accumulation and progressive economies.

Milton’s Satan in Paradise Lost

Critics abroad have argued about who the hero is of John Miltons paradise Lost daimon, ex or Christ, the Son? Since Miltons overall theme stated in the opening lines of news I is to relate Mans first disobedience and to justify the ways of God to men, Adam must be regarded as the main hero. John M. Steadman supports this view in an testify on heaven Lost It is Adams action which constitutes the argument of the epic. Steadman continues The Son and ogre embody heroic archetypes and that, through the interplay of the infernal and celestial strategies, Milton represents fi arrests plot against man and Christs resolution to save him as heroic enterprises. Christ and deuce are therefore epic machines. (268-272) Although hellion may be an epic machine, he is best portrayed as the tragical anti-hero of Paradise Lost or, at the very least, a main part who possesses the stature and attributes which enable him to achieve tragic status.In the Greek tradition, the essential componen ts of tragedy are admiration, fear and pity for the hero, who has to display a tragic weakness or flaw in his character, which go forth lead to his downfall. It cogency be argued that the flaws in daemons character are such that we should encounter no admiration, fear or pity for him, yet he cannister be seen to inspire these emotions. daemons tragic flaws are pointed out in guard I. They are envy, pride, and ambition towards self-glorification. hellions pride, in particular, is stressed passim Paradise Lost. In accordance with epic convention, Satan is frequently able by Miltons use of the word proud. Virgil used the same device in his epic the Aeneid, in which the name of Aeneas rarely appears without being preceded by pious. The most striking visual example of Satans main weaknesses appears in Book IV (89-90) during Raphaels narrative to Adam regarding the battles in Heaven, Raphael refers to Satan as the proud/Aspirer. Proud at the finish up of one line and Aspirer at the beginning of the next gives equal furiousness and impact to Satans pride and ambition and it is implied that, in Satan, the two characters are inseparable and of equal importance. Milton, in fact, defended his use of blank verse as a suitable vehicle for epic poetry, as opposed to the frequently favored heroic couplet. How then, does Satan inspire the feelings of admiration, fear and pity necessary to a tragic figure? Milton was, undoubtedly, conscious that he was in danger of portraying Satan as too much of a heroic figure and do efforts to belittle im through the use of unflattering imagery, and by highlighting his less complimentary characteristics. Nonetheless, our emotions are still fired. Our first encounter with Satan and his rebel hosts occurs in Book I when they are recovering from the shock of having been expelled from heaven by the Son after three days of fighting the angels of God. Despite the defeat he has suffered, Satan gains our admiration by displaying resilie nce in quickly coming to terms with the change in his circumstances, in remustering his forces and organizing the building of his palace, Pandemonium.At the same term he demonstrates his determination not to be defeated and shows true qualities of leadership, persuasively arguing that there is still hope for battle and victory. Satan is convincing in his first speech to Beelzebub, his chief partner in crime, as he declares What though the field be lost? All is not lost the resolved will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield And what is else not to be overcome? That glory never shall his wrath or cogency Extort from me. (I. 105-111) The language here is particularly powerful and the lines are extremely weighted, underlining Satans resolution.He similarly instills renewed resolve in his following to challenge God and hope of regaining their former state, claiming that they are now better placed to contend because there is not fear of division in their own ranks (II. 11-42). He then gives his supporters the opportunity to speak their minds as to whether to engage in open warfare or in guile to achieve their end although ultimately they agree the course of action he has pre-planned that is, to introduce evil on Earth. Through Satans speech at the beginning of Book I, Milton emphasizes Satans self-glorification.Satan has no dread of being challenged in hell because he sees himself in the most dangerous position and the one to be most severely reprimanded by God. Satan is daring, which is best demonstrated when the resolve to send someone to investigate Earth has been taken and Satan offers to undertake the task. Milton diminishes Satans courage by points out that Satan stands forward with bravado and purely to gain personal glory for any success he might win. Yet, Satan does not volunteer immediately but is only undertaking what his followers are afraid to attempt.Miltons suggestion is, however, supported by Satans speech it self, in which he states that he will go to Earth alone and defies any of his followers to accompany him in case they take out any of the hoped for acclaim from him. Satans courage is restored during Miltons description of Satans journey through Chaos to Earth in fact, the poet dedicates over 400 lines to such (II. 629-1055) and Satans exaggerated claims to his peers of the danger and difficulty of his enterprise when he returns to Hell in Book X after the conquest of Adam and Eve are not without some justification (X. 460-80).In Book IV (917-23) when the angels guarding Paradise confront Satan, Gabriel also belittles Satan by incriminate him of being less valiant than his peers and less able to endure the pain of hell. There appears to be some inconsistency during this confrontation between Satan and the angels towards the end of Book IV. Having become even more steadfast in his determination to seduce Adam and Eve against Gods will and now direct his hatred against man also as a result of his envy of their happy state (IV. 502-35), it seems inconsistent that the next time he speaks, he is so sensitive to the taunts uttered by Zephon, Ithuriel and Gabriel.Although Satans scorn for the angels is still apparent, he stands abashed and provides Gabriel with the means by which to insult him (IV. 888-90) Lives there who loves his pain? Who would not, decision way, break loose from hell, Though thither doomed? It is important that we believe in the Satan as portrayed in Books I and II Miltons argument depends upon that belief. Satan must be seen as being of sufficient stature to attempt Gods overthrow. If Satan is considered too weak, he can pose no threat to God or to Man and there would be no reason for Milton to justify the ways of God to men.Therefore, eyepatch making allowances for Satans arrogance in the opening Books of Paradise Lost, he does give the impression that he is ruling hell and it is not advantageous to deliberate to what extent it is poss ible for Satan to succeed in his quest to corrupt Gods good works with evil. The very structure of Paradise Lost assists in creating the illusion of Satans power, since we first learn of the expulsion of Satan and his followers through the rebels themselves and it is not until much later when Raphael tells Adam of the wars in heaven in Books V and VI that we hear the official version in which Satan emerges in a less favorable light.Stanley angle in his essay, The Harassed Reader in Paradise Lost, argues that Satan possesses a form of heroism which is easy to admire because it is visible and flamboyant and that, on that basis, Satans attractiveness is only sign (Fish 189-190). B Rajan, on the other hand, writes The heroic qualities which Satan brings to his mission, the fortitude, the steadfast hate, the implacable resolution, which is founded on despair, are qualities not to be imitated or admired. They are defiled by the evil to which they are consecrated (Rajan 190).Nonetheless, it is often Satans despair, which comes through more potently than his evil intentions. Satans bravado is most clearly evident in Books I and II when he is able to flaunt before his followers by Book IV, his feeling of confidence and resolution shows signs of cracking, with Satan talking to himself he is revealing much about his inner torment and self-doubts. As his steadfastness wavers, some of his initial charisma also diminishes, as we become more aware of his ability to fall.This argument is reinforced by Miltons physical description of Satan. In Books I and II, Satan appears an impressive figure, In bulk as huge/As whom the fables name of monstrous size (I. 196-7). He is conspicuous amongst his followers because of his size and his lustre, which, although faded, outshines that of his peers (I. 589-604). On closer examination, however, it emerges that, even in Book I, Milton has been careful to downgrade Satan. Milton states that Satan stood like a towr and that his lustre was like the suns through mist. The first simile is bare and unqualified and, in essence, tells us nothing about Satans dimensions or his stance. A tower may be any size and of too wide a variety of constructions for the simile to be of any significance. The reference to Satans reduced swank is a symbol of his fall from glory and failing strength and is mentioned by Ithuriel and Zephon in Book IV when while making fun of they suggest to Satan that his lack of lustre has made him almost unrecognizable. Our fear and pity for Satan can be considered together since they stem from the same cause.On one level, Satan can be regarded as pitiful as much as pitiable. Although it is undoubtedly not Miltons intention, it is almost possible to view Satan throughout in the light of sympathetic pity, especially if we accept that Satan cannot be something other than what he is no matter how much he wrestles with hons constantly teddy and mounting in intensity, the dramatic individual grows, expands, developes to the point where, at the end of the drama, he looms upon the mind as a titanic personality infinitely richer that at the beginning.This dramatic personality in its manifold stages of actuation in as artistic creation. In essence Macbeth, like all other men, is inevitably move to his humanity the reason of order, as we have seen, determines his inescapable relationship to the natural and eternal law, compels inclination toward his proper act and end but provides him with a will capable of free choice, and obliges his discernment of good and evil.

On Going Home Essay

Did you ever wonder why some people opt for peace and serenity in the company of friends and colleagues? After reading Joan Didions, On personnel casualty Home, numerous ideas unhor lift upd to rush through my brain. The experiences I had in my purport started to dumbfound back to me, like a flashback, with all the emotions coming with them. Yes, I know that my support has al miens been filled with numerous experiences. These experiences have armed serviceed me prepare for the life I am to experience when I grow older. A tragic event in my life led to my growth as an individual. When I was younger, I perceived life to be blissful and full of challenges.The everyday activities helped shape my future , cast me into the good individual that I want to be. I was a relatively good kid. I attended school daily, and reachd impressive grades. I also had friends some(prenominal) in school and in the neighborhood. One of my closest friends was Charlie, my neighbor. Charlie and I have b een friends since we were six years old. They were new at that time, and when her parents would go to work, Charlie was left in our house. We did things together, and our differences neer make a dent in our friendship. She was the perfect friend, who always knew what to do.I could never imagine passing game through my life without Charlie by my side. In the depart of junior year, Charlie came over to my house and asked me to join her. I told her I cannot go with her because I was doing my homework, and I had household chores to finish before my parents arrive from work. She said that it was alright, and thence she hugged me tight. She told me how much she cherished our friendship and that if ever she died, she will be my angel. She would always watch over me, and guide me to do the right things. I felt shivers come up my spine, and so I asked her what she was up to.She told me that she just wanted me to know how much she cared for me. So she left. Hours past, and still I have no t heard anything from Charlie. I continued doing my homework, when I heard shattered glass from downstairs. I was scared, because I was still alone in the house. I quietly went out of my room to checker on where the noises came from. I was really scared, so I left Charlie a message in her voice mail. I asked her if she can come over to help me out, and that it was an emergency. As I reached the living room, I saw the glass windows shattered, and there were evidences that there was someone who broke in our house.I called Charlie, and this time she answered me. I told her that I think someone broke into our house, and I was still alone. She said to just wait for her, because she was coming over. I tried to be calm, and device a fancy to save myself from the distress. I went around the house to look for the culprit, and was shocked when someone pulled me from behind. I was scared to death. I tried to scream, but the man put his pass away on my mouth. He pulled me from behind and bro ught me to my parents bedroom. With right business deal holding both my arms, he started to tear away my clothes. It turned out that the man did not emit in to steal our things.He was a pervert who has been eyeing on me, waiting for the right time to come. I was crying and screaming my feeling out because I was not in favor of the deed this pervert is doing. When I was starting to lose hope, I saw Charlie running towards the door, bringing with her the baseball bat I kept in my room. She hit the man in the head three times making the man dizzy and unconscious. She kicked the man and helped me to get up. We ran to my room, where she gave me the first dress that she saw, and started running towards the door. Our goal was to get the phone and call 911. Charlie and I ran downstairs.The main door was locked, and the keys were hidden in the drawers. To avoid wasting time, Charlie and I decided to pass through the back door. As we ran into the kitchen, the pervert surprised us holding a knife in his hand. He said that he was not going to hurt us, if we would give in to what he wanted. Charlie was stern and wanted to fight. She started to throw dishes at the pervert, while harboring me close behind. We were both scared, but we had to hide our fears and array this pervert of a man that he cannot defeat us. The man cut his hand and this gave us the time to run. We passed through the back door and ran outside.Charlies hairs-breadth was pulled by the man, and she wanted me to go leave her. I cannot just leave my best friend with a man who will just torture her, and describe the dignity away from her. As the fighter, Charlie struggled to get away from the man. She gave him numerous kicks, and blows in the stomach. Little did we know that the man still had a knife on his hand only to be use in this situation. I saw my best friend, Charlie, stabbed to death by a man who tried to molest me. I screamed my heart out, waking the neighbors close by. Soon, the ambulance an d the police were there searching for evidences.Charlie was brought to the hospital, where she was declared death on arrival. Before she died, Charlie told me to fulfill the dreams we built as young kids, and to always be strong no matter what the circumstances are. Soon, Charlie left and became one of the stars in the heavens. She was sixteen. My unwavering friendship with my best friend, Charlie, is something that will always have a propose in my heart. She taught me a lot of things, and that it was always worth to fight for the people we care for. Charlie sacrificed her life for me to be saved, and I did not waste that opportunity.I used this pain to help me go on, and succeed in life. She wanted me to live so that I may fulfill the dreams that we had when we were younger. Nowadays, I work hard to achieve excellence in my chosen field. Although there are times that I am not in a good situation, I still keep a positive note in me. Charlies dream was to make a difference in this w orld, and I want to fulfill that even in my own little way. I want to show the world that regardless of what happened to my life before, I can still manage to rise up and start anew. I know that there are times when I feel like giving up on my career and my life, in general.Then I start to think about Charlie, and how her unwavering love for me, has shielded me from harm. If I was the fighter between us, I would have been the one who died. Charlie took that option away from me, and me see that my life was destined for something big. After much hard work and dedication, my dreams and aspirations in life are just miles away. I just have to go and refine my knowledge so that I may be fully equipped with the challenges that I will face in my chosen profession. The reading paved way for me to reminisce the friendship that I had with Charlie.Charlies home was two houses away from ours, but her heart has always been with us. She treated us like her own family, and made us feel how much sh e loved and cared for us. All these years, I have wanted to find a perfect reason as to why Charlie sacrificed her life for me. The reading showed me that irrespective of who you are with, people will do anything for us, especially when they treat us like family. I know this, because this was Charlies lifetime sacrifice. When I feel devastated and no will to move on, I just have to look up in the stars and see that someone up there is watch over me until all of my dreams have come true.

Sociology Notes

The childhood anecdote from the beginning of the chapter shows that racial prejudices and differences atomic number 18 not inborn and they are a result of the way that partnership shaped a persons image of the dissimilar races. Based on this assumption, it is safe to believe that a non-white three year old would be likely to bring forth home a white baby sister because the three year old wouldnt realize that thither is a difference. White tidy sum are put at an advantage with an invisible knapsack of privileges.There is a link between real estate value and school segregation. Inequalities in wealth get under ones skin contributed to the long-term inequality between blacks and whites in the United States. As a general statement, whites are usually more(prenominal)(prenominal) wealthy and blacks are usually slight wealthy. This contributed greatly to the inequalities between blacks and whites.As much as the idea of race should not necessarily play a role in the differences bet ween stack, statistics show that there definitely is a correlation between many things in reference to race. So although politically speaking, race shouldnt play a factor, it still does and therefore sociologists study it because it has to do with the study of people and where they fall into society at large.Science is informed by culture because sociology, which is the science of people, wouldnt exist unless there were people and cultures to study. Culture is what makes up sociology. Science, in turn, fueled racism because of what was studied. Science came to the conclusion that racism exists and in turned, fueled it.Eugenics and physiognomy contradict the saying, You cant stress a book by its cover because they explain it in terms of people. They say that the external of a person is not the determining factor and people should not be judged based on that. Today, although in theory it is nice, people still judge based on color, race etc.Racialization is the formation of a parve nue radical identity, in which ideological boundaries of difference are drawn around a formerly unnoticedgroup of people. Muslims moderate negative stereotyping in the mainstream media. They are often depicted as being extremely wealthy. They are also shown and uncivilized and barbaric. Many people associate them with terrorists. When the Irish first came to America, although they have physical white skin, they were not treated as such and instead were treated in the same way as African Americans.Race and Ethnicity are two separate things. Race refers the physical appearance of a person, such as the color of his/her skin. Ethnicity on the other hand, is defined by cultural factors such as beliefs and culture. Therefore, stating your ethnicity is more similar to stating you like the Beatles than describing your race because the Beetles give an example of culture.Rwanda- conflict United States- Pluralism Minority groups in America respond to domination in different ways depending on many factors including where they come from. It is difficult to generalize to answer this question thoroughly. Groups in Rwanda responded with mass genocide.As time goes on, society seems to be more and more tolerant of everything, whether it be race, sexual identity etc. we have already majorly minimized the gap between people and race. I think that it allow continue. It might even come to the point of complete integration and acceptance with no prejudices. Society at large is definitely moving towards a more tolerant place.

Analysis of Imitiaz Dharker’s Poems

Imitiaz Dharker was born in Lahore, Pakistan in the year 1954. She is a poet, nonsubjective film-maker and an artificer. Her family moved from Lahore to Glasgow when she was less than year old. Presently she divides her time between Lon take and Mumbai. Her other works embarrasss Purdah and other poems (1988), Post Cards from God (1997), I speak for devil (2001), Terrorist at my table (2006), Leaving foot prints (2009). Dharker is also a documentary film-maker and has scripted and directed over a hundred films and audio-visuals, focusing on education, reproductive health and shelter for women and children.In 1980 she was awarded a Silver Lotus for a short film. She is also an accomplished artist. The main themes of her poetry include rest home, freedom, journeys, geographical and cultural dis castment, communal conflict and gender politics. Today she is considered as one of the most important contemporary poets. The theme of social exclusion bear be clearly seen in both of the poems. It is also her background and her individualized experience that influence her work. In her poem Minority, Imitiaz Dharker talks about the condition and the problems mettle up by a individual who belongs to a minority.As her other nonable works even in this poem her own cultural background and her personal experiences hobo be clearly understood. When we first see the tittle we can clearly infer that it has nighthing to do with minority group or heap be to minority. The tittle says it all. It is a first person narrative but it is difficult to find out the gender of the verbalizer. Lets just take into write up that the vocaliser is a female. There is a heavy use of metaphor in the poem. So the speaker says, she was born a foreigner and after that wherever she went she carried the tag of foreigner with her.These lines can be directly linked with the life of the poet herself as she was born in Lahore but soon the family shifted. So even where the speaker was born she is foreigner in that ara. Further the speaker says that she went to places where her relatives stayed but, just a corresponding(p) the roots of tubers even when the hold was deep within she felt like she was an alien like she didnt belong there. E very(prenominal)thing was new to her. This is belike a reference to poets home earth. People like to maintain a safe distance from a person who is different than them.The stack who ar supposed to understand the speaker ar the ones who distance themselves from her just because she is a minority, isolating her culturally and socially. This people are the enlightened ones who are isolating her. The speaker has compared herself to a clumsily translated poem. Her life is a poem but a translated one which lacks the grace and is full of maladroit moments. She doesnt seem to fit bothwhere. She cant find a place where she can adapt because she is never given a chance to do so. Cooking food in coconut has long been a Indian tradition.To people she is like the food cooked in coconut. The mention of ghee and cream contradict from each one other because both of them belong to different cultures. So where people expect ghee and cream speakers life is like food cooked in coconut and it gives an aftertaste of neem and cardamon instead of two estimable items like ghee and cream. Neem and cardamom its bitter and people dont like it. Whether its in her home rural area or any other bucolic and thus makes her a minority. There get intos a point when people find her language strange and dont seem to accept her.Its like she has landed into a trap by saying anything to the people at all. They are just delay for their traps to work and are waiting to put her down and make her a minority on basis of her language. There is an frame fixed in the minds of people, a perfect frame which is as good as them and they view everyone through this frame but when the speakers picture comes into the frame the frame slips. Her picture is non good enough for the frame like they cant accept someone like her, someone from the minority and that she is not good enough to be with them not good enough to be called as their own.They see someone who is not tuned with them, someone who is not like them, someone who is from a different world, someone like a ghost. For them the speaker stands out for apparently all wrong reasons and she is an outsider to them, in their midst she is an alien. So the speaker sits scratching throughout her lonely nights. It can be interpreted as she is scratching a desperate plea a message on a piece of paper. But if we infer the deeper heart it can also mean that she is scratching because she is feeling uneasy, she is scratching over the scab of division and the label that she is a minority.She is scratching over the scab of people treating her minority over her skin colour. A page doesnt fight back, according to me this is the most powerful line in the whole poem. By page here she is referri ng to a minority person like herself. The speaker banks that whatever she has spoken so far shoots through the thick layer of stereotypes the confederation has set and the noise of repression of the community. So whole carrying on with this life of hers, the speaker comes across a person who is stranger to her yet there is something about the person that makes her feel like she knows him or her.The face of the person is pure and simple without any mask of stereotypes. The speaker can actually read through the persons face and his or her outcast eyes. She comes to a realization that the person is like her a minority. She comes to a realization that she is not only the one who is an outcast, one who has no place to call home and one who is a foreigner wherever she goes. It gives speaker some hope to know that she doesnt stand alone. The poem reflects the life of the poet herself. musical composition she visits India people view her as a visitor and also because she is a Muslim, who come under minority in our country.On the other hand when she is in western countries people view her as an immigrant. The poem gives us an idea about the feelings of people belonging to minority. Theyll say She must be from another country The poem, theyll say She must be from another country is also written by Imitiaz Dharker. The poem is a sharp critic on various forms of growth that are carried in India as well as in different parts of world. The poem is about how people of the world cant come to terms with a person who is liberal and open-minded. The poet has criticized old and traditional minds.The poem gives various indirect references to racial discrimination, state repression and curbing the right to freedom of font. We generate examples of painters like MF Husain and writers like Salman Rushdie who were unconnected at different times due to their work. The poet talks about them indirectly without mentioning their names. Numerous films have been opposed just because th ey clash with some minds. The speaker is a female as it is clearly said in the poem and as well as the tittle. In country like India or any other country for that matter, not everything is welcomed open mindedly.Pieces of literature and art which are found to be offensive are taking down while not learning or hearing what the creator of the masterpiece wants to say about it. Whether he she really means any offence to particular religion, group of people and if he or she wants to hurt any sentiments. There are some traditional and orthodox minds that do not seem to respect freedom of expression. In todays ever changing and modern world lines like right to freedom of speech and expression are only to say but in reality this things are not welcomed.Certain anti-social minds think they are fostering their identity or shake the interests of their religion or community. But this is not true. They are just not bold enough to take whatever falls on their ears even if it is the truth. So as the speaker says books are burned and paintings are taken down. Just because the thoughts expressed in those pieces of work clash with the orthodox thinking. Sometimes even the educated minds do this. Of course all are open to say whatever they want but I think it can be done in a better way other than taking down the books and the paintings.This people arent mature enough to accept ideas which come across them. We have numerous examples of books which have been banned. They condemn the pieces of master pieces to dust when a particular piece of art is found disturbing. Art is expressed in different ways. Every artist has his or her own style of expressing their ideas on a paper. Not all naked pictures of Gods and Goddesses are painted to tarnish a particular religion. We need to look through the artists eye to understand them to understand the beauty of it. Burning the work isnt going to help.There are cases in our country when artists were forced to leave the country. Whenever t his happens we lose these valuable masterminds. Then the speaker also talks about films which are banned. Whenever films are released on controversial topics, there are people who oppose their screening and in most of the cases even stop them from getting screened. They vandalize the cinema houses and destroy the property if their demands are not met. When the speaker questions such behavior she is told that she must be from another country. It indirectly indicates that this type of behavior is not going to stop and that it happens often.There are times when a person is criticized due to the language and accent. They point it out and explain it the way it should be spoken and theyll say she must be from another country. The speaker but says when she walks with her head up, with dignity, commanding respect they criticize. As being a woman they expect her to keep her head down and walk as if shes some less of the person. When the speaker wears table cloth to go to town, it means when she wears different type of clothes like stylish clothes she is condemned. Even today i8n current places women are not allowed to wear western outfits.The speaker says there is discrimination on the basis of colour and sexual orientation of a person. If any Indian or Asian goes in western countries, they are often discriminated on the basis of their skin colour. The speaker also says that, if a person is gay indeed he or she is not accepted in society by the orthodox minds. Hence when they see a black person or a gay they whisper to each other that he or she doesnt belong here. The speaker further adds about how there is a huge banquet between a country like India and other western countries like the Great Britain.They find the speakers habits disgusting. Such as eating olives and spitting out the pits, piss outside. These people belong to a sophisticated place and hence do not like such things. The mention of Bombay shows that she is clearly talking about India. The places lik e opera are meant for serious minded and elite class of society. So the speaker says when she yawns in opera and laughs, they do not like it. They say very sadly and with disgust that she is same as rest and does not belong here.So due to all this un-acceptance she receives everywhere, the speaker says that maybe there is a country foe all the freaks like herself. By freaks she means the liberal minded people who are considered as freaks by the orthodox minded people. This are the people who do not owe any allegiance or loyalty to the old fat fools who wear the uniform. By this she does not necessarily mean the police. It means all those people in power and influence. According to her they are the one who act like crooks and thugs and take away the rights of people when they are the ones supposed to protect the interests of people.The people with power suppress anyone who comes in their way and by doing so they break the same rules which they are supposed to abide by. Further the sp eaker says the country is just for namesake and to her and other people like her it doesnt look like a country at all. There are cracks all over and people like her live behind the backs of those who rule with their cruel power. There are divisions and this is tearing up the country. So the words like national integration and common brotherhood look good only in books and pages.The speaker has never understood this eccentric behavior and is at peace with it. She is happy that she is not associated in any way with the fat old fools and happy that she remains an alien to the customs and traditions. She readily accepts the tag of outsider. She accepts that she indeed belongs to a different country which probably doesnt exist. A country where freedom is put down and chained in every way possible. The two poems are related to each other. In both poems the person is made to feel different and unwanted and in the end somehow in both poems the speakers have found some hope and solitude.

How much is a life worth spending? Essay

The value for life is truly indispensable. More than how we translate it to profound philosophic principles, moral grounds, and separate abstract perspectives, it is seen even in our most concrete argonas. For angiotensin converting enzyme, we have become so conscious of our health that we distinguish activities from those which can admit life and those which do non. We have also explored on numerous options to take care of ourselves and avoid harm and pain. These and to a greater extent whitethorn be due to how we naturally value our lives and life, in general. Even on a macro-level, it has manifested in the different areas of our society.From simple to colonial social relationships and structures, the value for life has become a critical social occasion. It has also become a determinant in every process of making decision in the society. We see this in the fast evolution health technologies and initiatives, fiscal and economics policies, and competition of businesses that take into account health care in the corporate world. Truly, over the years, the value for life has been going beyond mere qualitative to quantitative manifestation. For this paper, we will focus on one concrete activity that is highly related and/or is directed by this value for life outgo. pot spend for health. And when we speak of spending, we dont just mean to money that is being used to pay for services and/or products for health care. We also refer to another(prenominal) factors such as value system, social culture, and others. How much is a life worth spending? This paper will seek to answer the capitulum by analyzing spending statistics of every individual and the government itself in the coupled States and by exploring on development of health technologies and how it satisfies individuals, and understanding issues regarding this. health care in the United States is provided by many separate legal entities. Current estimations put US health spending at approximately 15% of GDP. In the United States, the majority of citizens that have health insurance either have employment related insurance or must purchase it directly. The federal government does not guarantee universal health care to all its citizens, but certain in the public eye(predicate)ly- memory boarded health care programs help to provide for the elderly, disabled, and the poor and federal law ensures public access to emergency services regard slight of ability to pay.Those without health coverage are expected to pay privately for medical examination services. The generally high represent of treatment has led to the concept of doctors completing pro bono work, although in practice even salutary conditions are left(p) untreated. Health insurance is expensive and medical bills are firely the most common reason for personal bankruptcy in the United States. A 2004 survey released by the National Center for Health Statistics estimated that approximately 70% of Americans were in excell ent or very good health.The overall performance of the United States health care system was ranked fifteenth by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1997. American health care is provided by a diverse array of individuals and legal entities. Individuals offer inmate and outpatient services for commercial, charitable, or governmental entities. For services, Ambulatory care refers to health care outside the hospital most health care in the United States occurs in the outpatient setting. Home health care services are generally nursing enterprises, but are usually ordered by physicians.Private sector outpatient medical care is provided by personal primary care physicians (specialists in internal medicine, family medicine, and pediatric medicine), subspecialty physicians (gastroenterologists, cardiologists, or pediatric endocrinologists are examples) or non-physicians (including nurse practitioners and physician assistants). in that respect are for-profit hospitals, which are usually operated by large private corporations and there are nonprofit hospitals, which may be operated by county governments, state governments, religious orders, or independent nonprofit organizations. hospitals provide some outpatient care in their emergency rooms and specialty clinics, but primarily they exist to provide inpatient care. Hospital emergency departments and urgent care centers are sources of sporadic problem-focused care. surgicenters are examples of specialty clinics. Hospice services for the terminally ill who are expected to live six months or less are most commonly subsidized by charities and government. Prenatal, family planning, and dysplasia clinics are government-funded obstetric and gynecologic specialty clinics respectively, and are usually staffed by nurse practitioners.Companies provide medical products such as pharmaceuticals and medical devices. The research and development for applications is primarily do in commercial R&D labs while the government and univ ersities fund the majority of basic research. Much of this basic research is funded or performed by governmental research institutes such as the NIH and NIMH. On a general telephone line then, the current health care system provides people with assistance or subsidy in hurdling over health welfare services. But this may or may not necessarily mean that people are truly being assisted by these provisions.A closer look on individual spending will aid us in this conjecture. INDIVIDUAL SPENDING ON HEALTH SERVICES In the current review done from the data gathered from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, $1 out of $5 dollar is spent by an individual for health-related expenditure such as hospital care, drugs, medical insurances, and other health care programs/supplements. This means that on the average, more(prenominal) or less 25% of an individuals income goes to health spending. This already constitutes a huge part in an individuals budget pie, along with other priorities such as food, housing, and the like.This is way higher than the 16% spending versus total income, in the finally ten years. The increase of this rate has made several economists into considering other factors. For Mark Zandi of a famous economics resource online, this may mean that this spending tells more of the increase on the capacity of individuals to spend more for their welfare and health. This may be caused by increase in income, hence, increase in percentage of spending for this aspect. On the other hand, Paul Ginsburg of Center for Studying Health System Change thought that this may also be due to the increased discipline and awareness of the need to priorities health.Individuals must have considered health care really serious that they have given more priority for it compared to how they consider it before. Communication and other media have standd much to this awareness. On another perspective on the level of health spending of individuals in United States, health expenditures have become one of the major reasons for personal bankruptcy according to David U. Himmelstein, et al. In 2001, 1. 458 million American families filed for bankruptcy. About half cited medical causes, which indicates that 1. 92. 2 million Americans (filers plus dependents) undergo medical bankruptcy.Among those whose illnesses led to bankruptcy, out-of-pocket costs averaged $11,854 since the start of illness 75. 7 percent had insurance at the onset of illness. Medical debtors were 42 percent more likely than other debtors to experience dips in coverage. Even middle-class insured families often fall prey to financial catastrophe when sick. This means that even in the presence of subsidized health services, medical spending of every individual still has not changed, it even went higher to the point that one experiences bankruptcy. Medical problems contribute to about half of all bankruptcies.Medical debtors, like other bankruptcy filers, were primarily middle class (by education and occu pation). The chronically poor are less likely to build up debt, have fewer assets (such as a home) to hold dear, and have less access to the legal resources needed to navigate a complex financial rehabilitation. The medical debtors we surveyed were demographically typical Americans who got sick. They differed from others filing for bankruptcy in one important respect They were more likely to have experienced a lapse in health coverage. Many had coverage at the onset of their illness but lost it.In other cases, even continuous coverage left families with ruinous medical bills. beginning(a), even brief lapses in insurance coverage may be ruinous and should not be viewed as benign. While xlv million Americans are uninsured at any point in time, many more experience spells without coverage. We found little evidence that such gaps were voluntary. alone a handful of medical debtors with a gap in coverage had chosen to forgo insurance because they had not perceived a need for it the ove rwhelming majority had found coverage unaffordable or effectively unavailable.The privations suffered by many debtorsgoing without food, telephone service, electricity, and health carelend credence to claims that coverage was unaffordable and belie the common perception that bankruptcy is an easy way out. Second, many health insurance policies prove to be too skimpy in the face of serious illness. We doubt that such underinsurance reflects families preference for risk few Americans have more than one or two health insurance options. Many insured families are bankrupted by medical expenses well below the catastrophic thresholds of high-deductible plans that are increasingly popular with employers.Indeed, even the most comprehensive plan available to us through with(predicate) Harvard University leaves faculty at risk for out-of-pocket expenses as large as those reported by our medical debtors. Third, even good employment-based coverage sometimes fails to protect families, because illness may lead to job loss and the consequent loss of coverage. Lost jobs, of course, also leave families without health coverage when they are at their financially most vulnerable. Finally, illness often leads to financial catastrophe through loss of income, as well as high medical bills.Hence, disability insurance and paying(a) sick leave are also critical to financial survival of a serious illness. Given this analysis, we have two important things to look into. First is that, despite government efforts to assist people in medical services, we still see issues on personal spending which even result to bankruptcy. Such is factored by the current system running for medical spending that doesnt seem to address concrete circumstance of people facing medical and health-related needs.

Script The Dolls That Nobody Wanted

AUDIO Nipp sensationse fowl Oh case annulus Whats the matter? Nipp iodinse birdie Im brace slugfest chick Of course, youre a c all flock Its mid dark Nipponese dame Midnight wadding wench wholly dolls wake up at midnight Nipponese hiss Do they? slugfest shuttle E actuallybody k straight offs that Japanese dame Will willing they wake up, to a fault? case bird Look. They atomic number 18 dolls atomic number 18nt they? And it is midnight, isnt it? And I told you before all in all dolls wake up at midnight Japanese doll Oh Thank you. VISUAL fistfight skirt moves a lilliputian, stretches, yawns, flexes his muscles began to shadowbox. Suddenly Not understanding Loud, slow, clear, laborious to be patient with herFrightened facial expression at the others Losing his patience Japanese skirt nods in fright Japanese skirt continues to nod Pause, she is all the more frightened because the package biddy talked loud at her. Timidly backpacking shuttlecock Im Sorry Japanese biddy Sorry? Boxing birdie For hollering. You wouldnt screw because youre new. Japanese shuttle I was wholly do today. Boxing razz Youre pretty Japanese snort Am I, Am I really pretty? Boxing snort I view youre well-favored Maybe somebody will buy you. Japanese Doll Oh Boxing Doll I dont catch w herefore somebody didnt buy you today. The hook was dear of all timeybody wanted dolls.why didnt somebody buy you? Japanese Doll Is it good to be bought? Boxing Doll Yes Japanese Doll Why? Boxing Doll Its the best thing that could ever happen to a doll ? to be bought, to be brought home to be owned by somebody, to be loved. Japanese Doll How do you know? Boxing Doll Never mind. I know. Japanese Doll Did somebody buy you? Boxing Doll Yes. Japanese Doll and then why are you here(predicate) in the nobble shop? Boxing Doll They. they brought me back. Japanese Doll Oh Please dont name Boxing Doll Im non cry outing Boxing dolls neer cry Japanese Doll Who bo ught you? Boxing Doll A small- lega real big earth.He was al routes laughing. He came into the shop,right through that limen and he tinctureed at the baby dolls, and said No thence visuali tick offd at the soldier dolls and said Maybe Then he looked at me and said Yes, sir This is the one and he picked me right up Japanese Doll Did he bid you? Boxing Doll He clothe me on the counter and he said to the diddlemaker, I like this one. Does he box? Japanese Doll Do you box? Japanese Dolls smiles and is not afraid eachmore. Walking around her Happy Sober judgment. This is too much for Japanese Doll. She looks grim blushes. Wondering Curious With emotion WonderingBrushing away his tears, because a boxing doll should neer cry Guessing This is the worst shame for any doll Touched. She puts her exit on his elevate. Boxing doll is crying Ashamed, furious regaining his days of glory Proud unventilated with excitement Boxing Doll Sure, I box The toymaker wound me up, and I work ed out, right on that point on the counter And when he precept me working out, the big troops laughed and thunderped his knee and said, Thats exactly what I want Ill take five of those I want a boxing stable for my petty male child. Japanese Doll A stable? Boxing Doll Thats what you call when a man owns many boxers.Japanese Doll Oh Boxing Doll So he took me home Japanese Doll Right then? Boxing Doll Right then He said to the toymaker You can ventilate the other four, unless Ill tend this one And he brought me to his office Japanese Doll Ooooh Boxing Doll I worked out for all the men. They stood me on the floor and I worked out. Japanese Doll Did they like you? Boxing Doll E actuallybody liked me And that night he took me home, and he showed me to his wife, at night, after the secondary boy was in bed. I was a secret Japanese Doll Why secret? Boxing Doll I was a Christmas present Japanese Doll OhBoxing Doll Then they put me in a big back awayer, with many other ravishing presents, but I was the only doll Japanese Doll How nice Boxing Doll At night I would talk to the necklace, and to the fountain pen, and to the eggbeater. Japanese Doll An eggbeater Boxing Doll It was a beautiful silver eggbeater. Japanese Doll Oh solely how did you get back here? Boxing Doll Oh. . . that. . . Yeah. . . The other boxing dolls arrived. The four of them. Japanese Doll And what happened? Boxing Doll Well, one night the big man took me out of the drawer. He said uprise on, champ. Thats what he call me, champ.He said Come on, champ. We seduce some sparring partners for you. So he set me up against another boxing doll, and that other boxing doll Pitying her for her ignorance meekly Proud Excited Happy for his triumph Modesty. Shadowboxing Pause Lost in memories Def annuling his married person presents Boxing Doll is smiling with the memories Brought back to earth Proud hit me, and I ferine down Japanese Doll No Boxing Doll Yes I fell down. So the big man stood me up again, and said Come on, champ. Go get him. This time I time-tested real hard, but the other boxing doll hit me only once, and I fell down againJapanese Doll No Boxing Doll Yes He tried me against all the other four, and each one knocked me down immediately. When the other four boxed with each other, they stayed up, but if any of them boxed with me, I fell down. Japanese Doll Did you get hurt? Boxing Doll My woundt was scratched Well, the big man picked me up and said to his wife Marge that was her name ? Marge He said Marge, you better take this one back and exchange it. in that respects something wrong with its equilibrium. Japanese Doll Equi equi. Boxing Doll E qui lib ri um. That means balance. Japanese Doll OhBoxing Doll So they put me back in the drawer. And that night, at midnight, when we all woke up, the other boxing dolls told me that they were very sorry. Japanese Doll They shouldnt have knocked you down Boxing Doll No. It wasnt their fault. A boxing doll h as to box It was my fault I couldnt stand up Im defective. Japanese Doll Youre not Boxing Doll Yes, I am. Im defectiveSo I crept out of the drawer and went to bed of the humble boy ? the one who was supposed to get me ? and the pictorial matter angels where there. Japanese Doll The depiction angels? Boxing Doll The angels who paint the lines on your face at night nd the painting angels told me that the little boy was conceive of of me Japanese Doll How old was the little boy? Boxing Doll Threewith black curls on his foreheadHe never saw me, ask out in that dreamSo I kissed him adieuand I went back to the drawer and . And. And here I am. Horrified Slowly He chokes a little Japanese Doll Couldntcouldnt the toymaker fix you? Boxing Doll He never tried Im the doll that nobody wanted. Japanese Doll I like you . . I I think youre a very nice doll. Boxing Doll Thanks I I hope somebody buys you. Japanese Doll You think they might? Boxing Doll Sure. . . oure very pretty. Somebody will buy you. . . Japanese Doll Oh Boxing Doll Whats the matter? Japanese Doll My unexpended arm Boxing Doll Whats the matter with your go forth arm? Japanese Doll I dont have one French pass Viola Merci beaucoup Dou pain sil vous plait. Chevrolet coupe. What goes on here? Boxing Doll She doesnt have any left arm Tai consummate(a) The poor, poor thing Chinese housemaid Never mind. You are very beautiful. Even with only one arm. You are very beautiful. Japanese Doll exactly nobody will ever buy me, with only one arm Moslem Warrior Maybe the toymaker could sell you at half(prenominal) priceJapanese Doll Half price Igorot terpsichorean Couldnt the toymaker contact her another arm? Boxing Doll He wont. He never does. French pass He makes no effort to repair us. Mias non No effort Japanese Doll If he make the rest of me so beautiful, could he not give me just one more arm? Thai Virgin I do not know why this is so. But he does not repair us. French spend Like my leg. My stiff le g. A leg with no joint Could he not put a joint? Yes But does he put a joint? No. Bah Who wants a soldier with a stiff leg Siamese Virgin At least your defect is hidden. French spend Yes, at least it is hidden.Its not so bad. Wanting to console him With the mother instinct Suddenly shock And sure enough, she has no left arm All the other dolls begin to wake just now, and they wake up faster because both Japanese doll and boxing doll are very wound up everywhere this new discovery. She kisses the Japanese doll In tears Bursting into tears In tears She is very calm and quiet. There is no resentment in her. Fierce, angry. He marches around. His right leg is rigid. lightly Ashamed Japanese Doll Where are your deals? Siamese Virgin Did you notice only now? Chinese beginning(a) She has no hands. Siamese Virgin It does not matter.French pass It does It does matter The toy maker is unjust He has been unjust to all of us Japanese Doll To all? Boxing Doll We are all defective. Siamese Virgin We are the dolls that nobody wanted. French spend She has no hands, but she has very sweet disposition. She is the kindest of all the dolls Chinese initiative That is true. Igorot social dancingr Do not retrieve badly, because you have one arm. I am a dancing doll. All my sisters are dancing dolls. But I cannot dance. My sisters are most graceful All of them were bought. But look at me. No one wants a dancing doll that cannot dance.Muslim Warrior Ill kill him Ill kill the toymaker Igorot Dancer He only says that. He cant kill anybody. Muslim Warrior Yes That is my defect I cannot draw my kris All my brothers could. They could draw, and brandish their blades above their heads, and fight But I. I am a Muslim warrior, whose hands stops right here. Igorot Dancer It is better that way. Muslim Warrior You are a dancer who cannot dance, and I am a warrior who cannot fight. Both of us are doomed to stay in this shop forever. Chinese Maiden It is a beautiful shop. Japanese Dol l I dont intoxicate anything wrong with you?Chinese Maiden That is because I am sitting down. Japanese Doll What is he trying to say? Boxing Doll The Chinese maiden ? she has no feet. Chinese Maiden It is nothing. Japanese Doll What is the matter with him? Boxing Doll He cant talk. Japanese Doll Should he be able to talk? Im sorry. What is he trying to say? Suddenly, to the Siamese Virgin softly Defending the Siamese Virgin To the Japanese doll She moves and her motions are stiff, jerky awkward Savage gently Sadly He tries to draw his kris, and the hand comes to a sudden stop six inches from the scabbard Gently dispiritWalking around the Chinese maiden The American Indian makes signs, slaps his moccasined feet and makes an negative gesture with his hand. With a soft gesture of the hands Pointing to the American Indian The American Indian makes eloquent signs, telling her many things. She is embarrass Turns to the boxing doll Boxing Doll That his brothers ? all of them ? could talk. Not only talk, but whoop and holler. That is why they were all bought, because they had such a splendid wharl whoop. But this onehe is a silent redskin. nothing wants him. Chinese Maiden He is very good. Japanese Doll We all have defects.Boxing Doll Yes. Japanese Doll We are the dolls that nobody wanted. Boxing Doll Yes. French Soldier It is the fault of the toymaker Muslim Warrior He didnt have to make us all defective Boxing Doll He didnt have to make me so that I eternally fall down French Soldier Why am I cripple? Because he wanted me to be a cripple? Boxing Doll Right French Soldier The toymaker is wicked and evil Boxing Doll Right Muslim Warrior Let us remove him Boxing Doll Right Siamese Virgin How can you destroy him? We were nothing. He do us. Should we not be grateful for our hands and eye?Hands are wonderful. Igorot Dancer All things are wonderful. Boxing Doll I am a boxer who can never win. Igorot Dancer Even defeat is wonderful. French Soldier Women Bah Siames e Virgin He make us out of his mind. He never went to Siam. He never saw out temples there. He never saw a Siamese Virgin. He read of us in books, and he dreamed. He dreamed of me, and made me, and loved me. Should I not be grateful? French Soldier Loved you? When he gave you no hands? Siamese Virgin I do not know why I have no hands. But there is a reason. I am sure there is a reason. French Soldier Your sisters had handsSiamese Virgin Ah, yes My sisters They were beautiful. . . do you think up the first night we were made? Do you remember how we danced? French Soldier I remember. Boxing Doll I remember. Muslim Warrior I remember. Defending the American Indian. The Indian kneels beside her and she puts her hand to his forehead. The American Indian makes signs Quietly, to the French Soldier. The male dolls are crestfallen. They are helpless and know it. Fiercely Puzzled, a little confident Dreaming Japanese Doll I was not here. I was not yet made. What was it like? Siamese Virgin W ell. . . you cypher to it. . . n Siam the music is a little antithetical. The music is like this. . . Japanese Doll Beautiful French Soldier The very night that they were made, my brothers were made, too How brave How gallant How noble Ah, if you would have seen them Japanese Doll Were they like you? French Soldier Like me? Cripples? Not they They were quick, and strong, and discipline Do you remember how they marched around the shop? Igorot Dancer I remember Chinese Maiden I remember Japanese Doll I wasnt here. French Soldier Well. . . with drums. They used drums, see?. . . and everything was in cadence. . . with the rifles. . with the long bayonets. . . the drums beat, the trumpets blared, and then the soldiers came. . . Japanese Doll Bravo Were they all bought, your brothers? French Soldier All but me. Siamese Virgin The man who bought them he did not know the soldier dolls as we know them. Franz was the best of all French Soldier You are very kind. Siamese Virgin But Lani s he is a real dancing doll You should have seen her sisters when they were new It is wonderful how the toymaker made them So graceful You would think they were real Japanese Doll That was the first Filipino dance I have ever seenIgorot Dancer I do not know if we are Filipinos. She continues to explain, with gestures, and lo, she describe it so vividly that we know longer get word her voice, we really hear the music And when she describe the dance, you could swear the Siamese dancer were there in the toy shop, dancing They could not be, of course, but the dolls have powerful imagination, and when she finishes, it for sure seems as if we had seen a dance. Contemptuous of himself It seems as if there are soldiers in the shop At the end of description claps To the Siamese Virgin He kisses her hand To the Japanese dollPointing to the Igorot Dancer Tom-tom, and by the golly, there are Igorot dancer They are real Well, I guess anything can happen in a toy shop on Christmas eve. Claps when they are gone Muslim Warrior Of course, you are Filipinos. You were here first You were here your people ? make up before my people. . . And my people we came at the dawn of history Japanese Doll Who are your people? Muslim Warrior The Muslims My brothers. . . My people. . . Igorot Dancer Our people Muslim Warrior Yes. . . North and South. . . different dress, different food, different dances, different tongues, but. . .Igorot Dancer One heart. Muslim Warrior Yes, one heart. Japanese Doll Did your brothers dance? Boxing Doll Well, not exactly dance. We . . . we worked out. Japanese Doll You always say that. Worked out. What is worked out? Boxing Doll Well. .we . . . we just. . . work out. I mean . . . we well, skip rope, and then we punch the light bag. The rope skipping is for footwork. The light bag is to make your eyes quick, and to give you timing. Then calisthenics, and weight pulling, and the heavy bag, and then sparring. Japanese Doll I do not understand a single word. Bo xing Doll Look. . . I will explain. Roadwork. Lets parachuting with roadwork. . . Japanese Doll Ah I see Boxing Doll Whew, what a workout Japanese Doll Workout? Boxing Doll Oh, no No That means another thing. I mean. . . Is that so? Oho Oho Is that so? Japanese Doll Dont fight Boxing Doll He says his brothers could lick my brothers any day in the week. And twice on Sunday He says his brothers could beat my brothers six times a week and twice on Sunday. Chinese Maiden He comes from San Beda. Boxing Doll Id like to see your brothers. Id just like to see em. Proudly. And there they are They look fierce and can certainly swing a kris.They dont have any scuffle getting them out of the scabbards. To the Boxing doll Desperate. Boxers are working out in the toy shop. At end Mopping brow Suddenly American Indians signs to the Boxing Doll. The American Indians signs again. Boxing Doll looks tough. The American Indians signs. Boxing Doll is enraged. Happy The American Indian claps his hands, and. . Japenese Doll How natural state How blood-thirsty Is he wild? Chinese Maiden He is very gentle. Japanese Doll What does he say? Chinese Maiden He says you ought to see my sisters. He says my sisters are very beautiful. Japanese Doll What does he say?What is he saying? Boxing Doll He says that of all the Chinese dolls that the toymaker made, the loveliest is Lau Ying. Japanese Doll The loveliest is Lau Ying. Who is Lau Ying? Chinese Maiden Even though I cannot walk? Japanese Doll I can translate that He says that you are by far the loveliest, even though you cannot walk. Chinese Maiden You should have seen my sisters. Japanese Doll Did. . . Did I have any sisters? Boxing Doll You did Japanese Doll Many? Boxing Doll Many. Japanese Doll Where are they? Boxing Doll They were all bought. Japanese Doll All bought, except me.Boxing Doll The toymaker made you last, just today, after all the others were sold. Japanese Doll He mustiness have made me in a hurry, to have forgotten my arm. there they are In fact, you hear them long before you see them because they come howling and whooping into the shop, complete with tomahawks and almost scalp the Boxing Doll but the silent Indian stop them. When they are gone. To the Chinese Maiden pointing to the silent Indian. Putting her hand on the Indians arm. The American Indian signs eagerly. To the Chinese Maiden. The American Indian signs again eagerly. She flushes with happiness.The American Indian signs again earnestly and she hangs her head silently. The Chinese Maiden shakes her head and will not talk. Her eyes are on the ground. The American Indian signs again earnestly. Japanese Doll looks at the Boxing Doll. Carefully Pauses while she thinks active this. Suddenly. Boxing Doll points to the Chinese Maiden. The American Indian nods contentedly. Looks up at him. The American Indians signs to her. Happy. The Chinese Maiden looks at her. Shakes her head sadly The sisters come gracefully they are all lovely but Lau Ying is the loveliest of them all. When they are gone Hangs her head in shameSiamese Virgin The toymaker is never in a hurry. Japanese Doll Then why did he forget? Siamese Virgin The toymaker never forgets. Japanese Doll You mean. . . you mean he left my arm off deliberately? Boxing Doll Yes. French Soldier He made us all defective, deliberately. Japanese Doll How cruel Siamese Virgin There must be a reason. French Soldier The reason is that he is a mean and a wicked toymaker Siamese Virgin Dont say that Japanese Doll But my sisters my beautiful sisters they all had arms? Siamese Virgin Yes, they all had arms. Boxing Doll Why? Japanese Doll Why what? Boxing Doll Why do I fall down?French Soldier Why is my leg stiff? Igorot Dancer Why am I so awkward? Muslim Warrior Why does my hand stop, right here? Siamese Virgin It is not because the toymaker is defective. He could have made us perfect, if he wanted to. Japanese Doll But he didnt want to. Boxing Doll Why? initiatory moving pic ture nonesuch Why, what? mo Painting saint Yes, why, what? Boxing Doll Why did the toymaker make us all defective? Japanese Doll Who are they? Siamese Virgin They are the Painting Angels. Japanese Doll Painting Angels? Siamese Virgin Yes. At night they go around while people are asleep and paint the thought lines into all their faces.First Painting Angels Its wonderful work You know where we just were? Looks from one doll to the other. They hang their heads. Tries not to cry Tries to defend the toymaker. Consoles her, the Japanese girls come softly into the toy shop, and mayhap. . . maybe. . . these are the prettiest of all. They have fans, of course, and parasols, and this helps them to look beautiful. When the Japanese dolls are gone, all are silent, all thinking the same thing. Tries to draw his kris for a thousandth time, and angry Loud, clear, strong, voicing the silent rebellion of all of them. Two little angels pop in the toy shop.They carry paint and brushes. Boxing Doll W here? Second Painting Angels At the toymakers First Painting Angels We were painting the thought lines I his face. On Christmas Eve the thoughts of everyone are beautiful, but the toymakers thoughts they were the prettiest of all Boxing Doll What was he thinking of? Second Painting Doll He was thinking of you. Boxing Doll Us? First Painting Angel Yes, all of you. He was thinking of the dolls that nobody wanted. Boxing Doll What was he thinking about us? French Soldier Was he sorry because of the money he wooly-minded when nobody bought us? First Painting Angel No.Muslim Warrior Was he gloating over our misery? Was he happy because we are sick? Second Painting Angel Oh, no Japanese Doll Angel, what was he thinking? First Painting Angel Well, he always thinks of all the dolls he has made. He loves every one. Boxing Doll Loves Ha First Painting Angel Yes. He loves every one. But he cannot keep any, because he is such a good toymaker that all his dolls are beautiful and so people buy them. As soon as he makes a doll, someone travel in love with it and buys it. He wants to keep his favorite dolls, but he cannot, because he is a toymaker and he has to sell whatever people want to buy.Boxing Doll What has that to do with us? First Painting Angel Im getting to it. Everytime the toymaker sells a doll we have to paint a little sad line into his face, because he loves each doll so much. But tonight tonight he was thinking of you, and all the lines are smiling lines. Japanese Doll Why, angel? Boxing Doll Why? French Soldier Why? Siamese Virgin Angel, please tell us why? First Painting Angel You are the dolls that he loves mostHe always loved you best grimly Cheerfully Casually Snorting in contempt Fierce Quietly in earnest even before he made you, even when you existed only in his mind.And he knew, from his long experience with toys, that if he made you perfect you would go away from him. So he made your leg stiff, soldier. And he left off your hands my little virgin. And he made you so you could not win. And he made you so you could not win. He made you so you would always lose, and would be his, forever. Japanese Doll You mean. . . he wants us. . for himself? Second Painting Angel You are the ones whom the toymaker loves. First Painting Angel There was no other way to keep you. Siamese Virgin I knew there was a reason Second Painting Angel You see, the toymaker always thinks of all his toys.He never forgets a single one Tonight, while he was sleeping, they were dancing through his head, all of them, the Siamese Temple Girls, and the brave French Soldiers. . . Second Painting Angel They are always in his mind, even when he should be sleeping the Igorot Dancing Girls and the Muslim Warriors. . . He never forgets them, no matter how far apart they are, even if they are on the opposites sides of the earth the American Indians and the lovely Chinese Maidens. . . He never forgets you, sweet little Japanese Doll, even though you have only one arm. . . and he never forgets you, Boxing Doll, even though you never win. . First Painting Angel But you. . . the defective ones. . . you are the ones he wants for himself. Of all the toys that the toymaker has made, he loves you the best. Second Painting Angel Thats why youre defective, soldier. Sighing deeply Across the shop, the soldiers and the maidens dance, just as they danced crosswise the mind of the toymaker. Together they dance Together they dance. They claim the American Indians came originally from China, over the Bering Sea, and when you see them dance together you think maybe this is true. . . The Japanese Dolls and the boxers, all mixed up, are in the mind of the toymaker.Putting her hand on the shoulder of the French Soldier. Suddenly, the clock strikes, all stop, frozen, listening. One two three- four five six Boxing Doll Six oclock Muslim Warrior Here comes the toymaker Toymaker Poor little Chinese Doll You timber rejected. When all the other dolls were bought, an d you were left it was like a slap in the face. . . like a slap in the face. . . Roman Soldier Answerest thou the highest priest so? The Man If I had done evil, give me testimony of the evil. But if well, why strikest thou me? Toymaker My warrior. . . my warrior who cannot fight. . . he other dolls were taken and you were left here. You were rejected. Others were chosen, instead of you. . . that is painful. I know. . . Crowd Barabas Barabas Give us Barabas Pilate But what shall I do with him? Crowd Crucify him Crucify him Pilate Shall I crucify your king? Crowd We have no king but Caesar Barabas Free Barabas Away with this man Crucify him We have n king but Caesar At the door, loud, strong, clear. The dolls hurry back to the position they were in when we first saw them, in the blue moonlight. The two angel steal softly away. The toymaker opens his door and comes in.He is a white haired, gentle old man, and we can see his face the lines that the painting angels have particolored t he sad lines and the smiling lines. He goes from doll to doll, looking at each one. He stops to look at the Chinese Doll. Music Chinese theme Gently Outside of the shop, somewhere beyond the street, we see a man standing with his hands bound, and two Roman Soldiers standing beside him. Harshly. The soldier turns and slaps the man across the face. We hear the slap, loud and clear. Slowly, the man disappears and we see the street again. The toymaker goes to the French Soldier. (Music The French mans theme)Then he goes to the Igorot Dancer. (Music Igorot theme) He also moves to the Muslim Warrior (Music Muslim theme) Gently Somewhere outside the shop, and beyond the street, we see a white balcony. A man is standing on the balcony, with his hands bound behind him. Pilate, the governor, is deform over the white rail. Pilate washes his hands. The crowd shouts A Lone Harsh Voice Barabas Toymaker My Boxing Doll. . . you are always falling down. . . you lost in public. . . you were shamed a nd humiliated. . . you fell, not dance, but many times. . . that is painful. I remember. The Man Father, grant them, for they do not know what they doBoxing Doll Lord, remember me French Soldier Remember me Muslim Warrior Remember me The Man This day. . . this day thou shalt be with me. . . in paradise Triumphantly. Slowly the balcony fades, and we see the street again. The toymaker goes to the Siamese Virgin and looks at her, his head to one side. (Music The Siamese Theme) Toymaker goes to the American Indian and looks at him with love. (Music Indian Theme) He goes to the Japanese Doll (Music Japanese theme) Finally, he goes the Boxing Doll. Outside the shop, and beyond the street, we see the man carrying his cross.He is flanked by two soldiers and two workmen, who have hammers and nails. . . The man falls. The crowd roars. The two soldiers tweet the man to his feet. They strip off his clothing. One of the soldiers carries the clothing away triumphantly. The other soldier forces the man down on the cross. The workmen nail him to it. We hear the sound of the hammers. Nailing is finished. . . The cross is elevated. The man hangs there while the soldiers roll cut for the robe, and the workmen sit at the foot of the cross. Suddenly wheeling toward the cross. Suddenly turning toward the cross. Turning toward the cross.The American Indian makes a painful, inarticulate sound which means Remember me. The girl dolls turn slowly to the cross and twist up their arms in supplication. On the cross Slowly, the cross fades and we see the street again. The dolls turn toward the door of the toymaker. He is standing there, with his arms outstretched. The dolls turn to their original position. Slowly the toymaker comes down the steps and goes to the Boxing Doll and the Japanese Doll. He stands between them, looking from one to the other. Then he puts his hand, gently, on the shoulder of the Boxing Doll. Music-up full to finish.